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Noblesse et grandeur américaine

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Nobility and American size
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
“The excuses are not vain gestures, but are a first stage necessary towards any reconciliation between the people”.

Are these words of Steven Cohen, the American member of Parliament with L? origin of the text voted on July 29, 2008 by “United States Congress” which recognizes “cruelty, brutality and L? inhumanity” 250 years D? slavery, of segregation and racial discrimination in the United States. With L? hour when L? America S? prepares to send a coloured man to the “White” House, the “excuses in the name of the American people” of the Parliament brutally put the Americans vis-a-vis the demons of passed and almost oblige them with S? to question on the present racial situation in the country. According to did the Australian examples, Canadian and Anglicans, the Americans want by this courageous and historical act to open “the dialogue on the racial questions” and to thus support L? “equality for all”.

When L? it is known that for certain people “the repentance is a hatred of oneself” and that L? one should not “ask the wire D? expier faults of their fathers”, the Room of the representatives by adopting to two thirds this text of the excuses to the minority “black” for the laws Jim Crow on the racial segregation and for the “fundamental injustice” of L? did slavery, want to show that L? America is able to recognize its wrongs and to include/understand all the pain of the communities which suffered from the most violent racism. C? is a manner as there of saying as in spite of “Civil Rights Act” promulgated by John F. Kennedy in 1964, guaranteeing to the American Africans the rights and freedoms like N? import which citizen, mentalities evolved/moved little and the problem of racial discrimination remains a major concern.


Greeted by the republicans and the democrats, like by the senators John McCain [1] and Barack Obama [2], these excuses intervene after the “regrets” expressed by L? former president Bill Clinton for the role of the United States in the draft of the slaves and George W. Bush, L? current president who qualified, in 2003, L? slavery of L? “one of the greatest crimes of L? History”. But this N? is not the first time that L? America S? illustrates in the repentance [3], in February 2008 [4], C? is the Senate which S? excused near the Indians D? America for the exactions made by the colonists. In 1988, did president Ronald Reagan and the Congress, sign a law which presented the excuses of L? America with the American Japanese who were held arbitrarily in camps during the Second World war [5]. Since L? abolition of L? did slavery in 1865, certain States of the South of the United States having a strong moral authority on this question express excuses with the Blacks for the perpetrated odious crimes, Virginia opened the ball in 2007, Maryland, North Carolina, L? Alabama followed. The declaration of the American Congress is a national recognition, an epic symbolic system which comes to support the efforts of the defenders of the civic rights and to establish more a duty of memory than legitimate.


There are a few tens D? years the American Blacks lived in “outlaw” in their own country. They were stripped of rights and N? had almost any freedom. C? were the “untouchable ones”. It could not take the bus with the White, even less to attend the same public places, in certain States the interraciaux marriages were prohibited and the children resulting from the secret connections between Noirs and White, or simply with the rape, were stigmatized more. During these years not so far from our present, Ku Klux Klan and its bunches “made violences against the black populations without risking of sorrow of justice”. At that time, Noir was synonymous D? to be lynched, for one yes or one not. One recognized to them no dignity, Blacks N? were what of the submen who could not S? to open out fully that in the brutality of the whip and the contempt of spittle. Still nowadays, the American Blacks “suffer from this past”, of these injustices which make their history always returning them in this place immonde that the others decided qu? it was theirs. The place of bet.


The text adopted by the Room of representatives N? does not have the claim to make close-cropped table of last like L? his principal author the white democrat Steve Cohen underlined, but he wants to support a greater bringing together between the various racial entities which compose the United States and make a rich person melting-pot of it. But it N? in residence not less than these excuses open the way with legal proceedings, with requests for repairs and compensations. The true argument which makes that D? other guilty countries of crimes against L? humanity like colonization N? their excuses will never express. Any N? being at bottom qu? a question D? money and often D? arrogance. It is clear that the excuses of American people N? L will not erase? assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and other murders, but does it have the merit to allow the younger generations of replonger in L? history of their country by knowing that any N? y was not white. C? is to throw the foundations D? a future common, responsible and right. Then contrary to will the republican Tom Tandecredo of Colorado asking the democrats “to start to be concerned with problems of the XXe century, like the price of the crude barrel, rather than to concentrate on a problem of the XIXe century, already solved by Abraham Lincoln”, these excuses contribute to build the present, to think of the future in L? optics D? a better integration of the minorities.


In margin of the feeling of general satisfaction which accompanied this strong act, of many voices protested against this “politicking masquerade” of the Congress. For Andrew Cline, to defer preserving, this gesture N? is qu? a help brought to Steve Cohen abused in a local primary election, a point of view shared by the media Politico [6]. It affirms not to include/understand the need for S? to excuse for a made “evil” of which the members of the Congress are of nothing aujourd? today responsible [7]. Problems of L? Does current America deserve a greater implication of members of Parliament qu? a “law” which will not solve the billion deficit. Perhaps will it be necessary qu? one day the Congress S? S excuses? to be not occupied true questions when it was needed, concludes it in a virulent leading article. Glenn Beck, a popular organizer of the famous right wing, S? offusque from this setting-with-death of the American democracy and jusqu goes? with saying that “the excuses of the Congress are an affront with the principles of Christendom” [8]. Certain Americans reacting on the sharp one were ironical about these “excuses” by affirming qu? they waited to see the “Black” S? to excuse in their turn for “the sale of drug, the rape, the homicides and other vicious acts” made since their “arrival” in America.


Beyond do the controversy carried out by the conservatives, the new “excuses” of the United States for one of its minorities go in the good direction in measurement where they recognize suffering qu? endured during centuries the community black and made repair of this injustice a kind of moral priority. Already this fundamental intention in the reconciliation of the people in this XXIe century when the shock of civilizations makes fear the worst, expresses, far from the quarrelsome policies of these recent years, the nobility and the American size.




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[1]? There the presidential campaign, Senator John McCain said last October that He would support is federal apology for slavery, although nap critics note that He failed to support the bill when it was discussed in February off this year.? ? Source The NewYork Times.


[2]? For his share, Senator Barack Obama has said He has little interest in year official government apology for slavery gold downward for repairs off Slavic.? ? Associated source Near.


[3] “In 2005, of the American companies, whose banks JP Morgan and Wachovia admitted having had recourse formerly to a massive slavery in some their activities. ” - Source Olivier Lambert.


[4]? The U.S. Does Senate passed have resolution apologizing to Native Americans? ? Apanews source.


[5]? Alive The 60,000 detainees who were At the time each received $20,000 from the government? ? CNN source.


[6] “does Goal asked whether there was have link between the vote one the resolution and Cohen? S primary, has Democratic leadership helps was unequivocal: ? What C you think? This just didn? T happen by accident.? ? Source Politico.com



[7]? Then there is the additional irony that the current membership off the U.S. Responsible house apologized for year evil for which it was not and that was ended in the century before last.? ? Fox News source.


[8] Glenn Beck: Congress? Slavery Apology is year “Affront to the Principles off Christianity”

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Le berceau de mes ancêtres

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

The cradle of my ancestors
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
Did a fire flamer destroy, a few days ago, part of the prison of New-Beautiful in Douala, lung of L? Cameronian economy. Tens of prisoners, wedged in the dilapidated cells, perished under the indifferent glance their guards. There was much D? ink poured for, still and always, to denounce the outdatedness of the penitentiary zones, prison overpopulation, laxism in the management of these mediums where the minors, the women and the men in an appalling promiscuity cohabit. And as with L? accustomed, the authorities were used for the pack of journalists, D? ONGists, D? actors of the civil company wrongfully scandalized, the same speech hammered since more than twenty-five years: “circulate, it N? y has anything to see! ” Are the Cameronian prisons with L? image of the local, prehistoric leaders. They S? collapse of tiredness, puffed out by pitiless time, even whitewashed limes, they give L? glare of old age. Contrary to (ir) political leader, they cannot S? to grant the luxury to die in L? opulence. C? is by taking lives as at the time of this fire qu? they can say to men qu? they are at the end of the roller. Vestiges of the colonial past, they saw lynching the national heroes, the combatants for the freedom which the colonist named “terrorist” and “anarchistic”, the recalcitrant tribes with the “values of civilization”, the Cameronian prisons crossed the times and incarnate the national memory painfully. So only they could speak, they would deliver to the historians D? aujourd? today unavowable secrecies of the political régimes which tyrannized the country. Murders, tortured spirits with which dried blood covers from now on the definitively soiled walls.

L? is hell of the Cameronian prisons that described by Dante, where the hearts damnées by the company and the political power are tormented by the demons of L? oppression. Nobody can survive it. Can nobody survive the filth, mixes delicious of piss and fecal matter, which S? are slack as far as the eye can see in these cells of dead where piled up hundreds D? animals called men. Can nobody still survive the regular drubbings rythmées by true body abuses practised by those which are supposed to make respect the law or, more dramatic, by most vicious of the delinquents, insatiable fawn-coloured jetés in L? arena. Did Nietzsche seek the superman, the Cameronian prisons L? found. Yes parce qu? it is necessary to be superhuman to be able to live what occurs in these places from desolation, or then under-human to be able to be aware of what S? y made and to decide to maintain the status quo. They are a shame with human dignity, a shame with the consideration of the life, a shame with the humanistic values which flower on the great signed and ratified declarations. While the ministerial budgets do not cease D? to increase whose near total is wasted in expenses of mission to L? foreigner or in L? do purchase of sumptuous trucks all options, the prisoners have to be satisfied D? a repugnant food in which too often the corpses of rats and other cockroaches lie. Framed by inefficient screws, do not owe their admission with this trade stop-misery qu? with L? intervention D? a “relative”, boarders of the centers of L? do horror learn how to become more perverse qu? they are not it before their admission. It N? qu is not astonishing? with don't the traffics of any kind (drug, hemp, cigarette), some caïds wish any more to find the external world, because freedom they L? acquire easily by strongly remunerating the guards. Is the business softer in clink, far from the dedicated flicaille which N? is never content with L? enormous envelope qu? it receives.


Then qu? that of the criminals matters burst, calcined by flames in anger, qu? qu imports? they are reduced in ashes, that can only relieve a little more the purse of the taxpayer already vampirized by the innumerable taxes and other tax levies which will not build the nation, but enlarge the fortune of the kinglet and its courtiers. Since qu? it S? is remarié with a small go-getter drawn from the brook, our foil cock does not cease finding with the life of castle of the exquisite tastes. Stroll in the plane, stays prolonged in Occident, the “Boss”, as its close relations call it, is a large lord who believes in L? political immortality and with “Community liberalism”, a kind D? ideological ineptitude puffed up by the invaluable Western advisers in order to better subjugate the illiterate masses. C? is in L? ignorance of the people that the capacity is perennialized. The “old Lion” knew to make this wisdom machiavélienne its creed. Never like aujourd? today, people N? qu danced more as much? it N? thought, taken in the spiral of L? does hope artificially maintained, lost in the fogs of the fallen through reforms and rafistolés successes, it prefer saouler with L? intoxication of the lie D? State and to be satisfied with the crumbs that L? one him refile days of great food shortages, with the place D? to start a major reflexion over this “tomorrow” which will not be built all alone. By seeing the images of the bodies calcined with New-Beautiful, some prefer “zapper” on Secret Story and S? extasier in front of the imbecillities D? a television become dustbin. “One will make how? Cameroun C? ” can one is Cameroun follow on the radiophonic waves, a report D? permanent failure and a terrible resignation, to believe that “to think” L? future is thing impossible. In spite of the promises of change and modernity, the Revival inlassablement claironné is a ghost ship which sails in obscure water of is delirious demagogic.


“All rotted! ” S? did one clean in the years 1990, at the time of the social ember which failed to cost to the current monarch his crown D? spines. Worm N? is not only in apple, it contaminated all the orchard. Are several times named at the hit of the most corrupted countries, Cameroun L? one of the rare countries in the world where the corruption is the great national sport. One is born corrupting to with it and one becomes corrupted. All the social layers pass there. C? is the local curse. One does not count any more the number of people having found death in the public hospitals fault not “of not having lubricated the leg” with the doctor. One could take centuries to count the cases of chicaneries in the private and public sectors. Funniest in L? business, C? is that the men in responsibility of fight against this social cancer are manifestly known to be themselves of powerful corrupted. The recent judicial actions against high persons in charge are only the smoke-producing ones to calm anger D? part of the people exceeded by so much D? abuse, and of small revenges which reflect the virulence of the engagements that the courtiers of the prince carry out themselves. Some of those which are marked aujourd? today, far D? to be angels, undergo the fury of their “Boss”, culprits according to him D? to have ruminated presidential claims. Thus, first D? between us sends a rather subliminal message to ambitious who think in L? shade what L? hour of its retirement sounded. That nenni. “Not to move Us! ” he meant while modifying for one énième time the supreme law of the country. Those which encensaient the limitation of the presidential mandate yesterday are the same ones to currently find it anticonstitutional. One calls upon the great minds of the Republic to explain to the famished people than happiness is in the new constitution. As if the people were completely easily deceived, but it lets make parce qu? it having some enough to go down in the street and to be made draw above without that N? moves the cameras by the international media. Disillusioned by the constant support of the Western chancelleries for the local demagogues, tired S? to intend to say qu? it is lazy and unable to want the change, exhausted to give its sons to dead and completed by the bidasses, disgusted to see the crown of the king saved by L? intervention manu militari of the foreign, prompt legions to take care on the interests, the people lets make and is put in its turn like its leaders to dance, with saouler.


D? enormous columns of smoke S? raise in the sky of Douala, the prison of New-Beautiful book its ultimate combat. Cries are made hear; with L? outside, from the heavily armed gendarmes move away the curious ones. Are the majority of the members of the government on leave in Europe, the Lords and counts of the Republic go, in this month D? August, to benefit from their second homes in Occident. One dispatches a “special representative on the spot” to make L? inventory of fixtures, C? be-with-statement to count deaths and to evaluate the property damages. It laughs, greenhouse of the hands and papote with his colleagues. It will make a pompeuse statement in front of the governmental scribes piled up like insects around D? an incandescent fire. “On the Very High Recommendations of its Excellence the Chief of L? Will State” launch in a solemn air, the usual verbosity, strangled by L? very palpable emotion to make L? opening of all the JT of the evening. C? is his/her “small girlfriend” who will be glad to see the mug of this ventripotent meugler stupidities, it will be able to leave from now on the quite high head and the nose in the summits, while meaning with the whole district that its “sponsor” passed to the “TV”, henceforth he is also “large”. The press under governmental perfusion will take again the following day with official statement sent directly of Paris, the privileged vacation resort of the national political caste. One will rent the wise instructions of the “chief of L? State”, size of its heart, and the generosity of its eccentric of woman who, drawing from the public trunks, will gracefully offer shoddy goods to the families of the disaster victims. One will not have to count on L? opposition rolled by the hunger and the small ambitions for S? to raise against this masquerade. It without leader and is cut reality. Pathetic charismatic, the opponents lost their legitimacy and their credibility since the majority went S? to sit with the table of the monarch to also take part in the “manger”. However, many which is those believed in them, leaving often very to support their electoral programs. Once do the finished elections, the granted favours and the distributed ministerial stations, the opponents exchange their clothes D? men of the people counters jackets to measure, of superb villas and splendid cars.


In is the streets of Yaounde, it whispered that the best opponents with this monumental waste qu? of the “Master” D is the reign? Are Etoudi with L? interior of its own clan. They wait, says one, the convenient period to put an end, finally, with this official nonsense which prevails since too a long time. But can one trust these courtiers who are it only of frontage? These same which don't owe their rise qu? with their proximity with the party and their allegiance with the prince? Initiated occult circles which connect to dark handling, which weight exposes their independence and them to grant to these intentions of “revolution”? Especially when some of these actors N? obtained their social advancement qu? after “having lowered to them froc” with clean as with illustrated? While waiting for that the miracle takes place, with the permission of the influential Western godfathers, prisons, with L? instar of L? daily existence of million Cameronian, will continue with cramer under a livid sky. This N? is not tomorrow that L? one will see emerging from nowhere Barack Obama national, S? it N? is not crucifié, to give birth to L? hope with a real change in the “cradle of my ancestors”.

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L’angoisse de l’avenir

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

L? L distresses? future
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
Cameronian youth, like all African youth, vis-a-vis the fear D? to face a dark future, between unemployment and delinquency, in spite of interesting diplomas, S? question over these following days which make déchanter. However, it believes in the change even if the system tends to encourage the clientelism, the tribalism and the corruption.

Close D? a thousand D? students in this day of academic re-entry in this lecture theater of L? university of Yaounde which seems too narrow to contain all their ambition and all their enthusiasm. It makes nearly forty degree with L? are shade and they piled up the ones on the others, playing of the elbows to be made place, like so here the true luxury C? is L? space. Does the professor have evil to be made hear, the microphone being except service since glosses, his voice tired N? manages more to collect L? attention of this small China which faces him. Troublemaker, the public L? observes and sends words to him assassinate which, accustomed, N? L do not have? air of L? to affect. C? is in a this incongruous way that L? one exempts the courses in the majority of the public schools higher than Cameroun. Many student young people start this course of the combatant knowing qu already? they will have all little chance to make career in their country. In search D? a better future, they give all in L? hope to form part one day in their turn of L? impeccable elite which is bronzed with the monetary sun. But they know it, reality is relentless, more than 34% of the young people in sub-Saharan Africa are unemployeds according to a report/ratio of the International Labour Office (the ILO) of 2006 on L? employment of the young people in the world, which means qu? there is little chance qu? they can after L? obtaining their diploma to find a work decent. Is the under-employment of the young people a major concern in L? development of the policies of development.
Cameroun like the majority of the countries of L? Does Black Africa undergo a major crisis of L? employment of the young people. With the programs D? adjustment structural carried out in the Nineties pennies control of the institutions of Bretton Woods, Cameroun knew a terrible descent into Hell which leaded the standard of living of its inhabitants, especially that of the most popular classes. Lowers it wages of the agents of L? State, the revalorization of the national currency and the significant reduction in the productivity of the sectors industrial, mining, forest and agricultural increased the poverty of the households as well as the misery of the modest hearths. Did public companies have to close or were privatisées causing blow a terrible shock in the field of L? employment and this one S? is translated by massive dismissals, but also by the reinforcement D? a climate D? social insecurity.

Allocated means with L? teaching and at the Bottoms national for L? employment (FNE), a kind D? Arranges national for L? were employment (ANPE) with Cameronian, revised considerably, consequently leaving at the pithead the quality of the policy D? national education and of L? employment. Was the whole education system almost destroyed and the vocational training S? is appreciably impoverished. A situation which led to more corruption and D? opacity, décrédibilisant with the passage the national diplomas.

Are all the observers unanimous on the fact that the climate with L? is current hour morose and that is seen partly through the rate D? failure record with the official examinations, which for these last years has plunged literally in the abyssals zone. C? is under these particular conditions that the Cameronian students, with L? instar of those of L? are university of Yaounde, confronted with the beginning of their course with the problem of the under-employment and L? inexistence of outlets. L? one can easily detect in the conversations and the debates, qu? they have at the hours of pause, a real anguish of L? future. Which formation for which life? Here is in short the question which taps these young people. Do some acknowledge that the choice of their die is justified not by a certain vocation, but by the concern D? to enter the requirements of the labour market. Then, it is noted that the professional dies (economy, accountancy, management, etc) are saturated while the dies more traditional as the letters are deserted. Have new fact, the right and political science had for five years the wind in poop, undoubtedly because of L? improvement of the liberal function and L? impression which the policy enriches.

And when these efforts are not enough, young Cameronians N? do not hesitate to try their chance by the way of L? immigration, clandestine or not. All networks leading to Paris.

They are given thoroughly, C? the young Cameronians are undeniable are large hard workers. And in spite of do the weakness of prospects, they seek with S? in leaving in the abstract sector. C? is here what L? one calls the “smartness”. C? is like L? one will find in the streets of Yaounde of young salesmen on the run, “bensikinneurs”, washers of car, however graduates of the most serious schools. Often, in margin of this abstract in which they after a fashion try to survive, it is common that the young Cameronians take refuge in the buveries, the prostitution and the delinquency, making urban and industrialized zones places D? a strong dangerosity. The aggressions on the people, the steerings and the offences of any kind are the daily batch of the inhabitants of Yaounde for which the persons in charge are in the majority of the cases of young people, victims of the famous evils of Voltaire: L? trouble, the vice one and the need.

This stage, a report S? imposes coldly, L? education, contrary to the generally accepted ideas, N? is not always the key of the problem. “Doesn't the formation constitute of anything a guarantee to find an employment decent” as supports it Dorothea Schmidt, economist at the ILO and joint author of the report/ratio on L? employment of the young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Aren't many young graduates found, for example, taxi drivers or agents of safety? And when well even they work, they are very slightly rénumérés what in fact of the extremely poor people as the aforementioned report/ratio underlines it: “only one young person on ten gains enough for S? to raise above the threshold of 2 dollars per day”.

In Cameroun, under-employment of young N? is in fact that the emerged part of L? iceberg which hides D? other realities even more dramatic like L? incompetence and clientelism of L? public administration. What causes D? to cancel any will to reform the system and to propose fast solutions with the under-employment of the young Cameronians. The conferences and other seminars coming and follow one another without L? one can foresee an exit of crisis. L? attack of the point D? completion, ultimate stage of process PPTE (poor and heavily in debt Countries), N? jusqu does not have? to date brought to the Cameronians the puff D? fresh air qu? one had promised to them. Qu was needed unfortunately? there are strong student's strikes, “re-pressed” in blood and silence, so that the budget of L? higher education is revalorized and than new infrastructures are built. An agreement with the two sides of industry and economic aiming creating and at supporting L? individual initiative through small and medium-sized companies was found. But as L noticed it judiciously? former American ambassador in Yaounde, Niels Marquadt, the problem of the under-employment of the young people resides more in the corruption, the lack of communication on the various development aids allocated by the Western countries, ONG international and the bodies U.N. and administrative heaviness that by L? absence of creativity and qualification of the young Cameronians.

However, Cameroun would gain with S? to inspire by L? example of the other sub-Saharan African countries which set up projects which make it possible to the young people to remain in their country and to leave L? abstract, with L? instar of Senegal. With did the project Dream (Return towards L? Agriculture) bound for these young repatriated emigrants of the Canaries, Senegal offers an alternative to its youth, anxious of its future. A bet going in the direction of the ILO for which the agricultural sector “has to continue to play an important part in the strategies D? employment of the young people and in the total strategies D? eradication of poverty” in spite “D? a rural migration growing”. What would be appropriate for a country as Cameroun whose agricultural sector represents the majority of the incomes of L? State. It would imperatively be necessary to start reforms the purpose of which will be to modernize it and to make it more suited to the international trade. This agricultural sector is provider of 40% of employment in the world. And in sub-Saharan Africa, C? is L? one of the principal employers, with the abstract sector, of the young people.

But it N? in residence not less than L? Does State have to diversify by supporting a climate favourable with the creation of the companies by, D? access, reinforcement of the vocational training with more D? infrastructures and D? ethics, then by L? administrative and tax lightening on any initiative of creation D? company by requiring quotas D? engage young nationals. Lastly, to allow L? innovation scientific and technical by poles or research centers, while adapting the social principles to competitiveness, dependent on universalization.

While waiting for that stated measurements are taken into account, the young Cameronians, as in this day of academic re-entry, feel funny D? is impression what all played L? advances and that the méritocratie is a reassuring word which sounds hollow, but especially which does not arrive by their removing this anguish of L? future.

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La repentance financière italienne

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

The Italian financial repentance
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
L? announces made L? effect D? a “bomb” in European political circles, L? Italy of the cavaliere Berlusconi S? would prepare to compensate Libya for Kadhafi for excesses of L? colonial time. Is an agreement, according to son's of the Libyan leader, Saif Al Islam, in preparation and would relate to “large sums D? money”, of the “billion” transferred soon with “Libyan people the” as “repairs”. A “historical” decision which isn't likely to make spot D? oils in a “union” tetanized and deafened by L? Italian audacity.


Are the European analysts all unanimous, Berlusconi is in the train D? to open the Pandora's box and the consequences D? do such a gesture risk D? to be disastrous. Disaster, the word is found. Like the colonizing policy and vampirisante of L? Italy, with L? image of all the European powers, in Libya and everywhere else. Disaster. Like the situation of plundering generalized of the natural resources and raw materials. C? is certain the consequences will be disastrous, but that depends on which side of the Mediterranean one is, because, of African bank, L? one still continues to undergo the “disastrous consequences” of colonization and with living L? humiliation of the international compassion disguised in assistance. Promised as of 2004 before D? to be swept by the “left” of Romano Prodi, it will be necessary to await its return to the business in 2008 so that Berlusconi considers, finally, to give to L? Italy L? opportunity D? to assume its responsibility vis-a-vis L? History. It is clear that this agreement marks a new turning in the relations between L? Does Italy and Libya, and let consider qu? an evolution in the spirits S? operate, slowly, but surely.


C? is in 1911 with L? annexation of Tripoli and the signature of the treaty of Lausanne [1] between Turkey and L? Italy in 1912 which Italian colonization in Libya began. It will finish in 1943 with the catch of Tripoli by the Montgomery British. During this epopee out of African ground, L? Will Italy go guilty D? serious exactions towards the populations autochtones by a brutal repression and a bloody oppression. The table common to all the colonizing powers, all in all. However, in spite of this “difficult” episode, the two countries continued to maintain the privileged bonds. C? is Berlusconi who it first S? activated to make return on the international scene, Libya pestiférée, well before the French Tony Blair or more recently president, Nicolas Sarkozy. Actor impossible to circumvent of the area, Libya directed by a dictator in full “redemption”, according to L? European intelligentsia, is a strategically capital country thanks to its influence in the conflicts which set ablaze its neighbors (Sudan, Chad and to a certain extent Niger). Extremely of considerable oil reserves which poke covetousness in these times of energy crisis, the country of Kadhafi imposes to Europeans his law and push them with L? instar of the Chinese dragon in the complete disavowal their humanistic principles such as the rights of L? man and human dignity. This N? is not France which will contradict this bitter observation. Lorsqu? it accepted in large pump the “Libyan butcher” by forgetting the thousands of Libyans locked up in the prisons of the mode totalitarist or simply “assassinated”, the partisans of the rupture in Africa N? had that their tears to cry.


Then can Berlusconi also make L to him? “irrevocable” by signing this agreement, it N? do not forget that Libya provides 25% of oil and 33% of gases consumed in Italy. And it can guarantee to L? Italy an access privileged to the natural resources of Libya, to keep a number of open doors in the event of economic and political hard blows, C? is “a beautiful” business. Moreover, this agreement would make it possible “to justify” Libya with better fighting against L? clandestine immigration, for example, by accepting that Italian and Libyan mixed teams do patrol regularly in the wearing of Tripoli, starting point of these boats which come S? to fail on the Italian coasts. Such an agreement N? is at bottom qu? a demonstration, one moreover, this “divinized” concept that L? one indicates by “Realpolitik”, political realism L? carry from now on on all the other considerations. Especially qu? it is not good “to annoy” the Libyan leader, the Italians still remember the brutality of the confiscation of the goods of the Italian nationals in 1970 by the Kadhafi young person installed with the capacity one year earlier. Do Europeans have in memory L? does attack of Lockerbie, the Bulgarian “hostages” and this diplomatic crisis enter Switzerland and Libya D? a few days ago when Bern S? is seen cutting the “food” by Tripoli. Kadhafi N? is not man to let itself make, like the majority of the despots, it is as demagogue and unforeseeable as dangerous.


Annoying precedent thus, the next Italian compensation for Libya will make like one says it into right “jurisprudence” and L? one can already pre-empt the beachcomber médiatico-policy which this agreement will cause. L? Doesn't Italy present “excuses”, it does better, it pays of “billion” for the “bloody nonsenses” of which it S? is made guilty.


In Europe, the reactions were not made wait. Many voices rose to speak about “racket” with L? ex-colonizer, and D? others to put “the great” question: who will compensate for “multicultural colonization” arrival D? elsewhere what undergoes L? Europe aujourd? today? A young Spaniard S? offusque and S? questions on this new “madness” berlusconienne, L? Spain will have to also require Arabs a financial compensation to have occupied the country during 300 years. And what to say colonization of the Romans who, before and after Jesus-Christ, reigned on L? Europe, with a small no-claims bonus for Alésia, with when the compensation? Concerning L? Will Spain, of the spirits more twisted say qu? it should perhaps thank Tarik Ibn Ziyad for L? to have left L? “ignorance” and of “chaos” in y important L? art and science (thought conceptual, cartography, mathematics). Thus according to a similar logic, one could say qu? would be needed that all “colonized” stops complaining, to ask forgiveness and D? to await compensations parce qu? they would not be large-thing without this “saving” colonization. Gaulle would be without Jules César and his roads, his cities, his aqueducts, his civil code, etc a dark village lost in L? vastness of its “brutality”. Thank you thus Romans (still them) D? to have brought “civilization” to the Gallic one. Libya should consequently thank the old and new Italians, the Greeks, Phéniciens, the Venetian ones for the centuries of constraint. Blacks to thank the Westerners for the draft négrière and colonization, but also the Arabs and the Eastern ones for L? slavery. Tutsi to greet the Hutu for the genocide. The Blacks D? South Africa to rent the benefits of L? apartheid. Should the Greeks and the Middle East pay homage to L? Worsen Othoman. Should the Palestinians in their turn ask for repair, but with which? With the Romans who invaded Palestine? With the Arabs who S? are y installed? With the Turks? With the English? And with the “Israelis” who returned? The latter ghost on the “promised ground” afterwards of the centuries of diaspora and D? should wander, require a remuneration with the Palestinians who colonized during 2000 years their “ground” before D? to be forced to restore it in 1948? Do the Palestinians have to pay during 1.500 years the price of this “hiring”, without forgetting the interests? C? is thus obvious for most of L? European opinion, the Western “culpability” is poor. If L? Does Italy want to really compensate these old colonies, it should according to a Luxembourg diplomat start with L? Europe. For a French observer, L? Should Italy undoubtedly concentrate itself on its own problems and clean its “stables” D? Augias with L? instar of Calabria and the Maffia. With L? hour when L? Europe, confronted with a vertiginous inflation, a capacity D? does alarming purchase, shout that the “cases are empty”, and qu? it is impossible D? to increase is the wages and Smic, to offer “dough to kinglets” under cover of “compensations malvenues” a swindle which will make inflate the lists D? members with the parties of L? extreme right-hand side.


It would be forgotten almost that L? Germany the shortly after the world wars “was literally rackettée” by the Allies. Still aujourd? today that appears “normal”. But the compensation for Libya by L? Italy “scandalous” east properly, perhaps because the crimes under Vichy are more “horrible” that those of Benghazi or Sebha, perhaps because pain N? is not universal and the suffering perfectly hiérarchisable, qu? Auschwitz N? is not Koufra and some 130 years of colonization in Algeria anything are not practically compared with the four years of Nazism in Europe. The compensations that were granted the powers of the “free world” after world butcheries, in order to be able to fill the economic delay caused by these wars, are “legitimate” and “natural”, whereas the compensations granted to Libya by L? Italy, occupied nearly ten times longer, is definitively “poor”. Perhaps is this a question of sensitivity?


Towards and counters all, Berlusconi seems decided to go at the end of this idea, opposite with the mobility right-thinking person which prevails in the Community, with the risk D? to be fustigated by its pars. They are numerous the African leaders who were ironical about this dash D? humanism and of generosity of L? Italy. Certain D? between them went jusqu? to declare that if L? Do Italy seek to buy “solid boundaries” to prevent cost-that-costs “famished” African D? to go to eat the “crumbs” in Europe, it? S too late (C? is already too late). The current situation being a resultant D? a missed co-operation of which the price will have to be paid. As for the Africans, this new received a mitigated reception. While some found L there? hope D? a true recognition of the Western “faults”, D? others more skeptics stressed that this money will not profit with the populations in spite of the made promises. Indeed, it is practically clear qu? with L? opacity of the Libyan mode, Italian compensation N? will not go where it is awaited. And the three quarters of this one will turn over to Italy in “diplomatic bags”. C? is the drama of L there? Africa.


Barack Obama L? formulated so well, the best compensation than L? one can give to people which suffered from the greatest injustices, this N? is not to pour billion to him (dollars), but to support the construction of the vital structures to its development and L? blooming of the populations, with L? instar of the roads, the schools, the hospitals, etc In this more intelligent way L? one manages to solve many problems while preventing that L? money offered serf to interests opposite with the local urgencies. While waiting for that L? Italy in its historical step takes account of this crucial point, Libya is not sulky its pleasure of receiving the “financial” repentance Italian.










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[1] By this treaty, Turkey yields to L? Italy Cyrénaïque and Tripolitaine.




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La repentance : une justice historique

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

The repentance: a historical justice
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
“We excuse ourselves for the laws and decisions of the Parliaments and successive governments which caused great sorrows, sufferings and losses with our Australian compatriots”. This February 13, 2008 in front of the Australian nation, Australian the Prime Minister Kevin Budd pronounced these historic remarks which aimed at reconciling L? Australia with its history but especially to make peace with its memory [1]. The “Australian compatriots”, here, are these hundreds of thousands D? aboriginals [2] which were the victims lasting long and painful centuries of the brutality of the policy D? assimilation, L? inequality and L? injustice. In S? excusing for this “great fault”, Australian the Prime Minister thus wanted to assume the heavy last one and the responsibility for his country in L? control D? people which would have deserved more consideration on behalf of the “colonists”. It will have been necessary to wait nearly eleven years between the recognition of the facts and the excuses of the government, and L? ousting of the preserving party of the businesses of the country, to see Labour a Prime Minister following the recommendations of the parliamentary report on the policy D? assimilation, C? be-with-statement repentance of the wrongs which were made with L? place of this minority [3] Australian.

But beyond this strong gesture, C? is a lesson D? humility and D? humanism what L? Australia gave to the whole world, a morals which sweeps all the political and philosophical speeches. The recognition of the facts obliges with the repentance. A moral obligation and a human requirement of saying “forgiveness” for the crimes and the abuses made by these “fathers” who were plugged by their prejudice, their hatred and their ignorance. Does a nation know, by recognizing its faults and in S? excusing, to be welded with itself but also with the other people which suffered a long time from the contempt and L? arrogance on behalf of the “former Masters”. C? is undoubtedly in this direction that on June 12, 2008, another Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, conservative, presented the excuses of Canada [4] for the serious attacks at human dignity towards the “First Nations”, indigenous people victim him also during centuries of L? inhumanity of the policy D? assimilation. The “Indian boarding schools” are the sad ones and dark pages in L? history of the country, a reality which pushed the Canadian government to spend as a repair approximately a billion D? euros. A cold comfort which N? the suffering of these ridiculed generations is not equivalent, but which will make it possible to build bridges mémoriels between the present and the past in order to pacify L? future. Repentance N? thus nothing masochist like L has? one could claim it, even less the heinous one. C? is simply the “recognition D? a constructive sadness” [5] which supports the reinforcement of this expensive national identity to many countries. Far from “hating oneself” inlassablement claironné, it makes it possible to fight against L? political amnesia in S? supporting on a salutary historical work for the present generations. The repentance contributes to the comprehension of the various cultures which structure a nation and people which has one moment of L? history shared the same destiny.


To refuse this repentance in which one is grown, C? is to refuse to return to L? other what L? one owes him, C? be-with-statement the truth but more important dignity. L? Did church know under L? impulse of the pope Jean Paul II to make this repentance an argument of bringing together enters the religions and between the men. Rowan Williams, spiritual Chief of the Anglicans, N? didn't it go in this search of the “food together” jusqu? be sorry these people which during an eternity suffered from the draft nègriere with the complicity of the monks, by affirming that “L? Does church have the duty to share the shame and the sins of its predecessors” [6]? And what to say of the Elizabeth II Queen whom at the time of the commemoration of the bicentenary of L? abolition of L? slavery in 2007 S? known as “is pained” by the responsibility for its people at the time of this episode O how much dramatic and less glorious L? history. Then to think that the repentance is a negation of oneself, C? is D? access to believe that what L? there is fact was legitimate and that D? a way like D? another that did positive effects have not only for oneself but for the victims [7], which cease L consequently? to be. Far from the disavowal of the values which make a nation, this return over the dark moments D? a country would contribute to the reinforcement Community cohesion by integrating better the minorities in its development.


It N? does y have any large country in the world, nor no great civilization which can be prided on N? to have not to perpetrate a genocide. Massacre of the incas with L? holocaust while passing by the repression of Guelma or Sétif, the great nations have the dirty hands and their memory is filled of these cemeteries where their glorious nobility is buried. It N? doesn't y have country which N? does not have to redden of its history, nor a continent which N? does not have to reconcile itself with its own dramas. Were Black code with the Indian reserves while passing through the “girls of comfort” to the service of the powerful Japanese army, certain nations some less large times qu? they do not claim it aujourd? today and this N? is not by occulting this reality qu? they will manage to maintain L? illusion D? an almost indecent frankness. But one needs courage to be called into question, to make its mea culpa and to advance in this food together which then becomes “to build it together”. Do some have some and D? others not. Do some face and D? others are concealed.


Threatens on republican cohesion vis-a-vis the communautarism of any edge, unbearable autoflagellation and makes indignant, the repentance is for much L? does effort of too and remain a form D? antipathy for oneself. However, many countries repented the crimes of the past without that not carrying reached to their “superb”, on the contrary. Did that give more smell to the commemorations, more significances with the events during which L? one tries to make revive the memory. Thus, the repentance, polemical concept, N? is qu? an awakening of the faults of the past, a historical justice returned to the lapses of memory of L? history.




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[1] “did the Prime Minister, the member of the Labour Party Kevin Rudd, declare before the Parliament that the policy D? assimilation, under the terms of which, from 1910 to 1970, the indigenous children were removed with their families to be high in families of White, was a spot for the memory of the country. ” - do source RFI


[2] “the Aboriginals remain, at the beginning of XXIe century, the social group most underprivileged in Australia, with a life expectancy 17 years lower than that of the remainder of the population, and unemployment, infant mortality rates, of marital violence, D? alcoholism, D? imprisonment and of consumption of
drug quite higher than the national average. ” - source RFI


[3] “L? Does Australia count aujourd? today 460.000 Aboriginals and inhabitants of the islands of the strait of Torres (northern), i.e. 2% of the 21 million D? inhabitants of the country. No Aboriginal sits at the national parliament, in Canberra. ” - source RFI


[4] “In more D? one century, the Indian boarding schools separated more than 150.000 children autochtones of their family and their community. (?) In the name of do the government of Canada and all the Canadians and Canadian, I rise in front of you to present our excuses at the people autochtones for the part played by Canada in the boarding schools for Indiens”, declared Stephen Harper solemnly? AFP source.



[5] Wikipedia source.


[6] Rowan Williams, spiritual chief of the 77 million D? Anglicans of the whole world declared that these excuses were “necessary”. “L? Church has the duty to share the shame and the sins of our predecessors. It S? does not act of politically correct. That belonged to what we are as a Christian community. ». ? AFP source.


[7] “did the colonizer come, it took, it S? is been useful, it exploited, it plundered resources, richnesses which did not belong to him. It stripped colonized its personality, of its freedom, of its ground, fruit of its work. It took but I want to say with respect qu? it also gave. It built bridges, roads, hospitals, dispensaries, schools. It made fertile of the virgin lands, it gave its sorrow, its work, its knowledge. I want to say it here, all colonists N? were not robbers, all colonists N? were not exploiteurs. ” - Speech of Dakar, Mr. Sarokozy.

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